Biggest of four oceans is the Pacific. In it holds over 700 million cubic metre of water. Record depth in the World ocean is in Mariana trench on a mark of 11022 m.
Under thickness of the World ocean the highest mountain tops are hidden. The most very tall chain of mountains if to remove ocean water, there will be Ocenia.
Into the general name Ocenia enter about 10 thousand small and big islands with a total area of 1,25 million kilometres. This biggest accumulation of islands on one section of the World ocean.
Purposeful researches of the World ocean have shown, that only in one Pacific ocean is available to 10 thousand underwater mountains. From them of 3 % reach heights more than 5 thousand metres. The greatest number of tops is concentrated in a northwest part of ocean.
The highest underwater mountain is located between New Zealand and Samoa. It has been found out in 1953. The height of the underwater champion of 8555 m. If top has grown up on 360 m she would grow on an ocean surface. It only on 300 metres concedes to the highest mountain on a land to Chomolungma.
The most extensive underwater mountain ridge reaches 65 thousand kilometres, crossing all oceans from Arctic to Pacific. This mountain chain more than in 1,5 times exceeds extent of equator of the Earth.
The largest underwater eminence at separately taken ocean is located in a high-altitude part of Indian ocean. It has received the name of a plateau Kerguelen and was stretched from the northwest on the southeast approximately on 2500 km, on width on 200 600 km, rising with an ocean floor on 2-4 km. In the heart of ocean thickness there are also the supersteep canyons reaching in separate places of height of 2 km.
For comparison: depth of the Grand Canyon on a terrestrial land in Colorados (USA) reaches 1,3 km. To the greatest degree the ocean average level decreases over a deep-water hollow of Puerto Rico on 15 m. For the first time about existence of powerful oceanic currents the American seafarers in the middle of XVIII century have declared.
Carrying out trading voyages through waters of Atlantic, they directed vessels on a current Gulf Stream and by that reached a land of days on fifteen before the most high-speed on those times of the English ships.
Well and the first who has plotted this powerful oceanic current, there was an American inventor V.Franklin, the future US president. By the way, later leading oceanologists and cartographers, using modern methods of the research, in the first official map of Gulf Stream have not entered essential changes: has so precisely performed work Franklin.
Amazingly, but he has made it, never leaving in the high sea. The most powerful inflow of ocean waters are observed in bay of Fundy. Here waves of Atlantic rise on the maximum height-18 of m.
For comparison: at open ocean the inflow height usually reaches 0,9 m. the highest waves in height of 34 m have been registered in 1933 in Pacific ocean. We will remind, by wave height mean excess of a wave crest of one wave over a hollow another.
Oceanologists consider, that for formation of similar waves-murderers high speed of a wind plus the big dispersal in length some thousand nautical mile is required.
At approach to coast the maximum height of waves can reach 40 m. the fastest waves have been fixed in 1946 also in Pacific ocean. They have caused strong earthquake with epicentre around Aleutian trench. For distance of 3200 km it has been spent by the little more than 4 hours.
The height of these waves made not less than 15 m. on March, 27th, 1967 at northern coast of France inflow of water of a century has been noted. Twice this day the sea receded from coast in the maximum point on 20 km and fell upon a land with a speed of 30 km/h.
The difference in a water level reached in separate marks of 13 m. the First scientific expedition specially organised for studying of the World ocean, has been carried out in 1876. This expedition was organised by the English government, having equipped a vessel Challenger. Vessel returning in native port was on May, 26th, 1876 triumphal.
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