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Introduction in Biology



Introduction

Throughout many millenia it seemed to people obvious, that the animate nature has been created such it what we know now, and always remained invariable.

However in the nature world there was a smooth evolution. Believe, that now on our planet 0,5 million kinds of plants, to 10 million microorganisms live about 2 million kinds of animals, and these figures are underestimated. Animals occupy all globe: a land, fresh-water reservoirs, the seas and oceans. The flora of our planet is surprisingly diverse. Plants meet and at the highest mountain tops, and in depths of oceans, and in waterless deserts... And practically there is no place on the Earth where there would be no bacterium.

Than organisms occupying the Earth differ from the so-called "lifeless" nature? Live organisms unlike a dead matter are born, breed and die; but the most important thing - in them continuously goes a metabolism. They eat inorganic substances or other organisms, processing this food in cells of the body. On the other hand, organic substances break up to more simple, liberating energy so necessary for a body.

Today importance of biology constantly increases. The knowledge of laws of a life is important for agriculture and space, medicine and ecology. Not casually some scientists assert, that the XXI-st century of biology which will result mankind in management of life organic laws. Earlier the biology tried to explain the live world, and now when have learnt to read biological texts (genes), began possible to try to change this world under own discretion.

Unfortunately, in a current of all life on the Earth there is a slow and natural extinction of animals and plants. Now on the Earth lives from 5 to 8 million various kinds of plants and animals. Now the large quantity of kinds is on the verge of fast disappearance. While only 1.6 million kinds are known for the scientist, and it is quite probable, that many from remained will disappear from the face of the Earth before we learn about their existence.